Fluid pump



' Dec 14, 1948. c. c. BUCKNER FLUID PUMP 4 She'ets-Sheet 1 Filed Fe. 2 8, 1944 Ill'l. Il I llll IIJI.

i BY cEcu. GJBUCKNER ATTORNEYS Dc. 1.4, 1948..- l c. c.- BUCKNER 4 Sheets-She'et 2 Filed Feb. 28, 1.944

INVENTOR.

cEcu. c. BUCKNER ATTORNEYS Dec. 14, 1948. c. c.` BUCKNR FLUID PUMP 4 sheets-.sheet s Filed Feb. 28, 1944 WIDIIDUIIWIDICCDDCCDCCCL mmm umm mm v mmm.

INVENTOR.

CECIL. GBUOKNER @www ATTORNEYS Dec. 14, 1948. c. c. BUCKNER l 2,456,109

FLUID. PUMP .4. sheets-'sheet 4 File'd Feb. 28, 1944 RIC FIGI

INVENTOR.

oEcn. cBucKNER I su, www;

ATTOR N EYS Patented Dec. 14, 1948 UNITE STATES PA'I-ENTl OFFICE Application February 28, 1944, Serial No. 524,176

(Cl."ll03-162) 6 Claims.

The present invention relatesto multicylinder iiuid pumps and has among its -objectsa pump capable of large delivery at a constant pressure.

Another object is a pump of this type which shall be of relative lsmall size and -Weight when considered in the light of its delivery volume.

Another -object -is a pump of this type 'which may easily and quickly be arranged to pump in the reverse direction.

Another object `is a pump of the rotary type embodying structure adapted to eliminate vvibra-- tion and stresses due to slight-misalignment of the drive'means.

Other objects and advantages will be apparent to those sklleddn the art upon reference t0 the following description vand the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a `partial side elevation with -the major portion in central vertical longitudinal section.

-Figure 2 is a topplan View indicating diagrammatically-certain of the internal passages,

Figure 3 is lan end view from the left of Figures l and 2.

Figure 4 is an end View from the right of Figures 1vand'2.

Figure 5 is a view in elevation of the valve ring.

Figure 6 isa developed View ofthe inside of the same.

Figure 7 is a developed view of :the yinside/of that portion of the housing surrounding the valve ring.

Figure Bis avieW .of the piston guide ringas if taken on a line with line 8--8 .oFigure 1.

Figures 9 to 14 are views .of certain details of the pump structure.

kReferringtothe drawings, the pump is seen to consist of a yrotor comprising .two cylinder-carrying rings and vZA fixed together with an interposed ring 2| ofthe form shown .in Figure 8, the through parts being heldtogether'by throughbolts (not shown, but ,indicated by the openings ZlA, Fig. 8). The bring 2| is provided with in- Wardly extending portions providing recesses 2|B servingas guides for the piston connecting blocks 22.

In each of the cylinders in rings 2U and 20A is a piston 23 having a Vneck by -means of vwhich it may be connected to a 'block "22 through the use of a spring horseshoe washer '24, the block being providedwith a suitable recess in its lend and slotted to .receive the washer.

The cylinders in ring 2U are arranged in axial alignment with fthose in ring 20A and also in alignment with recesses 21B. Each of the'blocks 22 lis vprovided on `its radially inward side With a notch adapted to coact `With the gear-tooth shaped head v25 Aof Ia pin 26 of Whichthere are asmany, `of course, vas there are rblocks'22.

These pins 26 `are suitably mounted in "the periphery of a cage 2l, rotatably vmounted lupon a shaft 28, suitable antifriction bearings 29 b'eing used, Y-andvsaid pins are all located'in ya';p1'ane atrightangles to the axis-of the'shaft. Further, the -cage"'2l 'and rings -20 'and '20A are'provid'ed withfcoaoting spherical bearing surfaces 31),'the center of which is inthe-axis ofshaft v28 andin the oenterplane of the lpins "-26. Shaft 28 terminates at one fend 'Within lthe yspherical bearing 3B, 'but 'its other end extends VWell beyond lthe cage '27, beingpfse't as'at 28A2to permit the extensionvtofmovebupfand down asuflicientdistance.

lThe outerfends of the'cylinders'inrings 20 and 20A arev` enlarged zto receive the fend closing thimbles, thesebeing held in place'by the use of a spring ring coacting'with an internal groove inthe enlargement and an external groove fin thesthimble, asiindicated atr35A. These `thimbles are of an internal .diameter somewhat greater thantthat of the .pistons 23 and' do not extend-the fullr length `of the enlarged cylinder portion. There .,is, :thereforea small chamber. 36 around the piston=23 when the `latterr-isin its .inward'lpoL sition, fand, because vof the larger linner diameter of :the 'thimbla :thischamber extends also yaround the end of y'the spiston.

`From the portion :ofthe chamber 3B surrounding the piston, a passage 3l extends Ato the iperiphery-,of the cylinder ring (2U-20A) and opens intoagroove .-39 on thefinner-side of avalvering 40 mounted With the housing and around the rotor kclosely adjacent the outer peripheries of rings 12|] and 20A. This valve ring isshovvn in Figures 5and 6,'the1atter being a developedzview ofthe inside surface.

As shown, sthegroove .39 .does not 'extend icompletely `around `the ring but-is interrupted 4for :a short Adistance at two diametrically opposite points .S9-A, .and is open Ato `the .outer surface through a' plurality of `openings 39B. One half of Ithe groove 39,.how.ever,.-is,extended completely around nthe .ring by .the small grooves 139C, the combined area of these being equal ,to :the yarea of groove 39. These v grooves 39C ,do not open to the outside of the ring.

The rotor, composed of the rings 20, 20A :and 2| is supported Within the .housing by means of flanges 45 and "46, forming .portions of rings .20 and 20A respectively, the flanges being mounted in suitable antifriction bearings, and is driven through iiange 45, which is provided with internal splines 45A adapted to coact with external splines 45B carried by member 41.

This member 41 is shown in detail in Figures 9 and 10, and constitutes a portion of a universal drive connection of which the other portions are shown in detail in Figures 11 to 14.

Member 41 consists of a sleeve portion 41A provided with an internal shoulder 41B and externally'splined as at 45B. It also is provided at the end opposite the splines with an outwardly extending flange 41C, from which extend the diametrically opposite arms 48, extending radially and having their sides or edges parallel. This member 41 is adapted to coact with the ring 49, Figures 11 and 14, and the member 40, Figures 12 and 13 to form a universal joint.

The ring 4S consists of a relatively thick ring provided with an internal flange 49A in which are provided four notches 49B arranged 90 apart and of such width as to accurately t the arms 48,0n member 41 and the similar arms on member 50. The ring 49 is also provided with narrow grooves 49C in its inner periphery above and below the flange 49A and separated from each otherr a distance slightly greater than the thickness of the said arms.

.',I'hemember 55 comprises a splined shaft portion 50A provided at one end with a disc portion 50B from the edge of which extend two arms 50C. These are diametrically opposite and of a size and shape to t the notches 49B in ring 49. It is preferred to so proportion the notches 49B and arms 48 and 50C that, when the parts are assembled, there is permitted a small amount of relative movement between the ring 49 and the arms radially of the ring but not peripherally.

Y Assembly of the members 41, 49 and 5U is accomplished by placing in the grooves 49C, after the said arms are in the notches, the flat spring expanding rings l and, since these are spaced slightly from the upper and lower faces of the several arms, there is permitted a small relative angular movement of the parts 41 and 50.

The above assembly constituting the rotor drive is held in place with the splines 45A and 45B interspaced, by means of an externally threaded thimble or hollow screw 52 passing axially through member 41, its head coacting with the internal shoulder 41B and its threaded portion coacting with a nut 53 seated upon a suitable shoulder at the root of ange 45. A spring ring 53A is used to prevent loosening of nut 53.

v`The housing of the rotor consists of two parts, of which the part A consists chiefly of a mounting a'nge 55 by means of which the pump may be xed upon a suitable support, and a sleeve portion in which is mounted the antifriction bearing 56 forthe part 45 of the rotor, and means 51 for sealing this end of the pump. This means 51 may beof any suitable form of sealing ring, but as shown consists of an oil flinger plate 51A having ribs 51B mating with similar ribs onA a stationaryVV plate 51C, there being a packing ring 51D between the two. Oil thrown from the edge of' plate 51A collects in an annular groove 58 and passes back into the housing through passages 58A.

The second portion B of the rotor housing carries at one end, means for mounting the antifriction bearing 56A serving to support the liange 46 of the rotor and within that portion surrounding the main part of the rotor is provided with fluid passages and with a suitable seat for valve ring 40, the latter being maintained stationary by means of a press t or other means.

The fluid passages referred to consist of a pair of passages arranged spirally within the wall of this portion B, one passage opening to the outer face of ring 40 over a groove 39 and leading thence to pump outlet (or inlet) 6U. The other passage opens to the other groove 39 and leads to the other outlet (or inlet) 6|.

These passages, indicated diagrammatically in Fig. 2, at 62 and S3, are shown best in Figure '1, and in the latter the inlet 60 is shown as connected to a long slotted opening 60A which overlies a groove 39 and through the spirally arranged passage GOB to a second long slotted opening 60C which overlies the other groove 39 in ring 4B. Similarly outlet 6| is connected to opening 61A, passage GIB, and opening lC so that 50 leads to the two openings 65A and 50C located at opposite ends of the ring 40 and displaced 180 from each other. The same is true of 6|, 61A and BIC.

These slotted openings 65A, 69C, lA and SiC overlie and are open to and register with the several sections of the grooves 39 described in connection with Figure 6.

It should be noted that the openings 55A, GIA, 69C and SIC extend substantially 180o of the inner periphery of the housing member B and that the divisions between aligned passages, for example, 55C and GIC are substantially in the plane of the sectional portion of Fig. 1. That is, these divisions are substantially in the plane of tilting of shaft 28. This location of such divisions is shown clearly in Fig. '1 since the openings 65 and GI are on opposite sides of the pump and at from the axis of housing portion C (see Fig. 3). This arrangement of cylinder inlets and outlets is important in that it tends to balance out forces tending to tilt shaft 28, that is, tending to rotate the inner portion of the rotor in the plane of the section of Fig. 1. Such balancing of these rotative forces permits the use of a lighter, and therefore more sensitive, spring to resist tilting of the shaft 28.

With the parts in the position shown in Figure l and the shaft 28 held so, maximum pumping will occur. However, unless the shaft 25 is so maintained, fluid resistance to piston movement would immediately move the shaft to a position in which its axis is parallel to the axes of the cylinders.

On the other hand, if the shaft 28 is moved so that its axis tilts in the other direction (from that K of Figure 1) and so maintained, pumping direction will be reversed. Such reversal of direction of flow is provided for in the present construction and is shown in Figures l, 2 and 3.

. In these figures the complete pump housing is shown as consisting of a third and detachable portion C ixed to the rear end of portion B and into which extends the offset end 28B of shaft 28. This part of shaft 28 has near its end a laterally flattened enlargement 28C and near its extreme end is provided with a recess 28D.

The housing portion C is suiciently narrow to lie between the inlet B and outlet 6l and is fixed to part B by suitable screws or studs 10 and on its face are provided a pair of segment shaped members 1I which extend a short distance into housing portion B and provide guide means for the shaft enlargement 28C in its vertical movement.

Also within the lower portion of part C is a bell crank 12 pivoted at 13 and having both its arms extending in `the'vsamegeneral direction but at a small angle to each other. These arms are indicated at 121A and 'Il-2B,=fthe flatterbeing shorter than the former and lying lower--andssubstantially horizontal.

Pivoted to this shorter arm 12B is a link 'M extending up through an opening 'l5 into aporti'on of the housing-where itfis-surroun-ded'by a helical spring y'it mounted in compression relation betweenthe -wall around opening 15 anda suitable nut N'Flon-the upper 'end'of link L14.

Pivoted'onfthelong arm T-2A1is-a pin 'l-Bihaving afconical fend adapted tocoact 'with the Isocket 20D in :shaft 218, so that when filuid resistance occurs in pumping, the -tendency -of shaft vvk28 to swingdownward is resistedfby'thespring'fl and by suitably 4adjusting the flatter, "the maximum deli-very pressure can beregulated.

:Byiarrangingthecrank11.2 as shown, that is, placing the short arm substantially "at `right angles tothe link 'i4-and thefarm 12A tilted upward, the build up of the spring as it is compressed is to a greatextent-compensated for by the increase in the effective leverage of arm 12A.

The amount of downward movementof arm 12A :may be .adjustably limited by "providing 'link 'M at its bottom end with a foot piece 'i9 carrying a screw 80 whose end contacts arm 12A as it moves downward a predetermined distance.

In order to regulate the pump delivery in accordance with the back pressure, the housing portion C is provided with a vertical bore 85 directly over the end of shaft 28 and fitted within the bore 85 is an axially bored plug 81, the axial bore being suitably prepared to act as a cylinder within which is slidable a roddke piston 88. The latter extends from the upper end of the cylinder thus provided to the bottom where it contacts a guide thimble 8S slidable in the lower end of the bore 85, the lower end of plug 8l being reduced in diameter to allow movement of the thimble.

The plug 8l is counterbored at its upper end to provide a small chamber closed by the screw plug B9 and open through lateral passages 90 to a small chamber Si provided in the housing, the latter chamber being connected through a suitable tube 92 tothe outlet 5l of the pump.

With this arrangement, as the back pressure builds up in the outlet 6l, the piston 86 forces the end of shaft 28 downward to the position in which it is coaxial with the pump rotor and consequently shortens the piston stroke and lessens the delivery.

It should be noted that the housing portion C is so arranged and constructed that it with its contained parts may be reversed. This is an im portant feature of the pump. If it should be foimd desirable to reverse the flow of the pump with the direction of rotation of the rotor remaining the same, the housing portion C and its contained parts is removed, the shaft 23 rotated 180", the housing portion C replaced in reversed position and the conduit 92 connected to the passage 60. On the other hand, if it is desirable or necessary to reverse the direction of rotation of the rotor, the housing portion C and shaft 28 are both rotated 180 while the conduit 92 remains, or is again, connected to passage 6|. Any leakage into the housing may be removed through a suitable drain indicated at |00.

The present application relates to improvement in the construction described and claimed in my copending application Serial No, 509,959, filed on November l2, 1943, Patent No. 2,439,448, April 13, 1948.

:Nowihaving fdescribed theiinvention and the preferred:A embodiments thereof fit is Lto libe'. understoodthatisaidnventionfissto -be limited, .not to thesspecici details herein described and setA forth, buts-only :bylthe scope .of fthe claims .which follow:

y1. A rmulticylinder "fluid pump :having Aa ',rotor consistingfchieyof.aplurality of pairs ofaxially arranged opposed aligned .cylinders ihaving pistons therein, a nonerotatable shaft within said rotor, piston.actuating means rotatable-upon said shaftinafplane 4normal to .the kaxis oflsaidshaft, delivery pressure actuatedimeans for tilting. said shaftvyvhereby zto vary 'the piston. stroke, resilient means resistingisaid tilting, anda Vpump housing, said housing .comprising ra portion enclosingrsaid rotor vrand fa: separable portion .enclosing said tilting. meansandsaid resisting means.

2.^In .a .multicylinder ,iluid pump, a v,plurality of ipairssof axially arranged and yaligned opposed cylindersarranged man annulusito form arot'or, fluidspassages openingto said cylinders, ahousng surrounding :said vErotor, and including va spirally arranged passage connecting fthe ends :of a :group of said cylinders :at one rend "of fthe rotor :with the :ends offasimilar group at the other endtof said :,rotor, -Ibut afrom the first group, inlet means opening to said spirally arranged passage, a similarly arranged passage connecting the ends of the remaining cylinders and outlet means opening to said last mentioned passage.

3. In a multicylinder fluid pump, a plurality of pairs of axially arranged and aligned opposed cylinders arranged in an annulus to form a rotor, fluid passages opening to said cylinders, a housing surrounding said rotor, and including a spirally arranged passage connecting the ends of a group of said cylinders at one end of the rotor with the ends of a similar group at the other end of said rotor but at 180 from the rst group, inlet means opening to said spirally arranged passage a second spirally arranged passage connecting the ends of the remaining cylinders and outlet means opening to said last mentioned passage, said spirally arranged passages being in the form of hollow ribs on the inner wall of said housing, whereby to strengthen the latter.

4. A multicylinder fluid pump having a rotor consisting chiefly of a plurality of pairs of axially arranged opposed aligned cylinders having pistons therein, a non-rotatable shaft within said rotor, piston actuating means rotatable upon said shaft in a plane normal to the axis of said shaft, means for tilting said shaft whereby to vary the piston stroke, resilient means resisting said tilting, an inlet passage for the cylinders at one end of said rotor communicating with said cylinders throughout substantially one-half of a rotor revolution, an inlet passage for the cylinders at the other end of said rotor and communicating with the latter cylinders throughout substantially the other half of said revolution, outlet passages open to each group of cylinders at the time the inlet passage is open to the other group, the division between the ends of the inlet and outlet passages being substantially in the plane of tilting of said non-rotatable shaft.

5. A multicylinder iluid pump having a rotor consisting chiey of a plurality of pairs of axially arranged opposed aligned cylinders having pistons therein, a non-rotatable shaft within said rotor, piston actuating means rotatable upon said shaft in a plane normal to the axis of said shaft, means for tilting said shaft whereby said tilting means including a piston actuable by fluid from the delivery of said pump, resilient means resisting said tilting, an inlet passage for the cylinders at one end of said ro-tor communicating with said cylinders throughout substantially one-half a rotor revolution, an inlet passage for the cylinders at the other end of said rotor and communicating with the latter cylinders throughout substantially the other half of said revolution, outlet passages open to each group of cylinders at the time the inlet passage is open to the other group, the division between the ends of the inlet and outlet passages being substantially in the plane of tilting of said non-rotatable shaft.

6. In a multicylinder fluid pump, a tiltable shaft for varying the output of the pump, a fluid actuated piston adapted to tilt said shaft, said piston beingactuated by uid from the pump outlet, and spring means for resisting the action of said piston, said spring means including a spring and a lever of the second class, the long arm of which is operatively connected to said shaft `and the short arm of which is connected to said spring, and means for so positioningsaid lever that the long arm increases its effectiveness and the short arm decreases its effectiveness as said lever is moved by increasing output pressure.

CECIL C. BUCKNER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 16,229 Coney Dec, 16, 1856 1,229,009 Allison June 5, 1917 1,250,860 Guy Dec. 18, 1917 1,316,011 Bailey et al Sept. 16, 1919 1,459,035 Raisigr June 19, 1923 1,780,398 Morgan Nov. 4, 1930 1,809,489 Nemetz June 9, 1931 1,822,064 Sorensen Sept. 8, 1931 1,964,244 Benedek June 26, 1934 2,014,860 Mitchell, Jr Sept. 17, 1935 2,027,076 Volliman Jan. 7, 1936 2,060,209 Heckert Nov. 10, 1936 2,071,672 Whitcomb Feb. 23, 1937 2,214,390 Wahlmark Sept. 30, 1940 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 267,265 Great Britain 1927 390,876 Great Britain Apr. 20, 1933 

